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You ve learned that fill or adjustment layer allows you to make changes to 3D object that are not possible by applying a fill or adjustment to the 3D object from the Image menu. You learned how to: n Apply a fill or adjustment layer n Create a Solid Color, Gradient, or Pattern fill layer over a 3D object n Color correct a 3D object n Edit a fill or adjustment layer In the next chapter, you learn how to use all of the tools you have learned so far to create composites with 3D objects in Photoshop.

You can dump the preferences file using this trick: Close the program, and then relaunch it. Immediately after you launch the program, press and hold Ctrl+Shift+Alt ( -Shift-Option on the Mac). Photoshop displays a dialog box asking for your permission to delete the preferences file. Click Yes.

You should adjust the input levels before you create your curve because adjusting the input levels afterward results in changes to the curve. n

Perhaps all that seems too obvious to think about much anymore, but take a moment and ponder what this assumption, this daily reality, has wrought on society While an in-depth study of this phenomenon is outside the scope of this book, it is such an important factor that it must be considered After all, in some sense culture is a measure of how members of a society interact with each other, and the transition to the era of cloud computing is bringing incalculable changes to this very arena That in our culture for that matter, nearly any culture around the world today this means of communication is simply a given The fact that we all take it for granted is a profound enabler for future services, for future proliferation of cloud-based services.

Partial Differential Equations ond the Finite Element Method. By Pave1 Solin Copyright @ 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

For example, consider that even such a venerable, ancient institution as the Catholic Church has launched a number of initiatives in the social media (including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and more), and the present Pope has even encouraged young people to evangelize the Gospel into these new societies and into this new continent (speaking of the communities that are formed in the various social networks), and that this is a very high priority Ponder this carefully: If a 2,000-year-old institution that has rarely been accused of haste can understand the fundamental nature of these changes and act on them, can any organization afford to do less.

k = 0 , 1 , ... , 2 B - 1

where L,q = L, + L2 - 2M. Case 3 is shown in Fig. 10.l ld and redrawn in Fig. 10.lle. The two KYL equations are

(A.85)

u(i)

Stakeholders with strong in uence and interests need more delicate attention To accommodate speci c stakeholders, as an example, in an infrastructure development project, the owner/planner (the government agencies and/or the private organizations) may decide to initiate and employ the stakeholder participation plan to build good relationship with local communities and the general public This plan addresses and involves stakeholders in both the project planning and the ongoing activities The plan suf ciently describes how interested citizens can be involved in project proposal and approval or stay involved after the project execution is in place Negotiation with important stakeholders is needed when their interests are neglected or violated in many forms such as, for example, failing to conduct suf cient study on environmental impacts, providing incorrect nancial information to the internal stakeholders, and offering unsatisfactory compensation to landowners These practices of mismanagement inevitably lead to undesirable consequences in construction projects.

To handle such situation, the management needs to prepare a structured procedure to negotiate with the affected important stakeholders A good corporate governance system can also be employed for defusing stakeholder con icts and avoiding project protests Strategies to manipulate stakeholders are employed to deal with some groups of stakeholders who are analyzed as having less power to the project Manipulation encompasses tactics to in uence or control stakeholders In such situation, the project management has much power and can further increase such power The stakeholders are not involved in active participation such as project decision-making Oftentimes, the project management chooses to perform activities, such as public relations, to manipulate perceptions of the stakeholders The management may also exert some degrees of resistance against stakeholder pressures However, where stakeholders have more power, project management should concede to stakeholder pressure.

where, for consistency with Eqn. (6.64), we return to u, v in units of inverse spatial distance. It turns out, of course, that Eqn. (6.81) is equivalent to Eqn. (6.64).